These are some some of the interesting sites for nature that you can visit around NPT. There are many other sites to discover! Special Sites in NPT Afan Forest Park Parc Coedwig Afan This large park in the Afan Valley, 48 square miles in area, has lots of tracks and trails that allow visitors to experience nature at any time of year. A Visitor Centre is situated on the A4107 near Cynonville where there is a car park and other facilities including visitor information and refreshments. From here you can take a number of walks, many of which are suitable for families. Read More Bryn Tip Tomen y Bryn Bryn Tip is an area of grassland on the edge of the village of Bryn. In the early 20th century it was the site of the Bryn Navigation Colliery, once a busy and prosperous coal mine which provided employment for hundreds of people. Like many local mines, the colliery ceased operation in the 1960s, leaving behind an imposing, sharply pointed, pyramid-like tip of coal spoil. To stabilise it and render it safe from landslip, the tip was eventually landscaped into a lower mound shape, capped and seeded with a remedial grass and legume mixture. Since then, over the decades, Bryn Tip has developed into a species rich open mosaic site that is now designated a Site of Importance for Nature Conservation (SINC). Read More Conifer Plantations Planigfeydd Conifferau Woodland and scrub occupies about 40% of the land area of NPT and the greatest part of that is conifer plantation. Large blocks of conifer forest occur in Crynant, Rheola, Glyncastle, Margam and Afan Forest Park (which includes the Michaelston and Pelenna forests). Read More Cwm Du Glen Dyffryn Cwm Du Cwm Du Glen is close to Pontardawe Town Centre and may be accessed from a number of points, but most people use the main (signposted) trail which starts near Pontardawe Cross. The site is well known as an area of high aesthetic and biodiversity value with its steep-sided riparian woodland that dresses the lower section of the Upper Clydach Valley. Read More Gnoll Estate Country Park Parc Gwledig Ystâd y Gnoll The Gnoll Estate, once the 18th century seat of the entrepreneurial Mackworth family, sits prominently on a low hill overlooking Neath town centre. With its wooded landscape, 4 lakes and spacious grassland, it is today an important resource of urban greenspace and a popular venue for the town’s residents and visitors. There is plenty of wildlife to see here at any time of year. Read More Melincwrt Valley and Cwm Caca Dyffryn Melin-cwrt a Chwm Caca A short walk from the village of Melincwrt, near Resolven, will take you along the Melincwrt Brook into a little nature reserve managed by The Wildlife Trust of South and West Wales. It is an easy walk that takes you into the lower Melincwrt Valley as far as the photogenic waterfall, Sgwd Rhyd yr Hesg, which falls spectacularly into a jumble of sandstone boulders at its base. Read More Pant y Sais Fen and the Tennant Canal Ffen Pant y Sais a Chamlas Tenant Pant y Sais Fen is an area of reed-dominated wetland which has almost contiguous connectivity with Crymlyn Bog, the largest lowland fen in Wales. Combined, they make up one of the most important wetland habitats in south Wales. Read More Roadside Verges and Roundabouts Lleiniau Ymyl Ffordd a Chylchfannau As a result of changes in farming practises, modernisation and development, species-rich mesotrophic grasslands, such as traditional hay meadows, have become very rare in NPT and are a dwindling resource in Wales in general. Roadside verges can fulfil a similar role for biodiversity if they are managed properly and although they are not a perfect solution they are becoming important refuges for grassland floras and the insects that live in them. Read More Sand Dune Systems of Baglan Burrows and Crymlyn Burrows Systemau twyni tywod Twyni Baglan a Thwyni Crymlyn The coastal edge of NPT sweeps around Swansea Bay, from Swansea University Bay Campus near Jersey Marine, to Morfa Beach at the mouth of the River Kenfig. Two hundred years ago this coastal strip was composed of pristine sand dunes, but much of that has since been lost to industrial development. Only Crymlyn Burrows and Baglan Burrows, which are situated on either side of the Neath river mouth, survive as significant areas of sand dune ecosystems in NPT today, although smaller areas of dunes also occur in the vicinity of Aberavon and Morfa. Read More Some notable ancient deciduous woodlands in the vicinity of Neath and Briton Ferry Rhai coetiroedd collddail hynafol nodedig yn ardal Castell-nedd a Llansawel Woodland occupies about 40% of the land area of NPT and although most of this is conifer plantation there is also a substantial amount of ancient, semi-natural Oak woodland. In most there are good paths and trails, and many of these woodlands can be accessed easily. Read More The Dulais Valley Marshy Grasslands Glaswelltiroedd Corsiog Cwm Dulais Species-rich marshy grasslands have suffered badly in Wales as a result of agricultural improvements, conifer afforestation, development, inappropriate management and neglect and, unfortunately, there are now few good examples of this extremely important habitat in NPT. However, some parts of the northern sector of the county, particularly in the Dulais and Aman Valleys, still retain marshy grasslands that support significant, biodiverse communities. Read More The Neath Canal Camlas Nedd The Neath Canal is the longest canal in NPT, stretching for Briton Ferry to Glyn Neath in the Vale of Neath, more or less following the direction of the Neath River, which it crosses in a small aqueduct near Clyne. Read More The Nedd Fechan and Pyrddin Valleys Dyffrynnoedd Nedd Fechan a Phyrddin From the little village of Pontneddfechan in the north-east corner of NPT, there is a very popular riverside walk that will take you into a temperate rainforest environment that is renowned for its biodiversity and scenic beauty. Parking is available along Pontneathvaughan Road and from there you can access the trail behind the Angel Inn which takes you into the lower Nedd Fechan Valley. Read More The Vale of Neath Riparian Woodland Corridor Coridor Coetir Glannau Afon Bro Nedd The most diverse woodland flora in NPT is found in the ribbons of woodland that occur along the banks of the River Neath between Tonna and Glynneath. Wych Elm is a common component of these riparian woodlands, with Ash, Sycamore, Alder, Hazel and Small-leaved Lime. Read More

Data may be collected through this website to enable us to get in touch with you or return your message. As Secretariat of NPT LNP, Neath Port Talbot Council Countryside and Wildlife Team are the Data Controllers for this website. Privacy Policy About us This website is owned and operated by the Neath Port Talbot Local Nature Partnership (NPT LNP). The NPT Local Nature Partnership (NPT LNP) is made up of representatives from a wide range of organisations plus individuals with an interest in local wildlife and land management. Membership is open to anyone with an interest in biodiversity and wildlife conservation in NPT. The Steering Group for NPT LNP is drawn from the key organisational members to include representatives from Neath Port Talbot Council, Natural Resources Wales, SEWBReC, one non-governmental organisation and one community group/ unaffiliated member, plus the chair of the LNP. Neath Port Talbot Council provides the Secretariat for NPT LNP. 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Amendments We may update this policy from time to time by publishing a new version here. Last edited 30/6/25

The sound of screaming swifts has long signalled the arrival of summer in the UK. Migrating to our towns and cities in May, these stunning and agile birds are an iconic summer visitor. Unfortunately, like many of our other species, our swifts are struggling. Help us to help swifts in NPT. learn more about swifts There's a whole range of things you can do to discover more about these amazing birds! for everyone come on a swift walk Every year in July we run swift walks which are free to attend. Keep an eye on our events page in the Spring for dates: Events page WATCH SWIFTS RAISE THEIR CHICKS The tower of the Oxford Natural History Museum has special swift boxes within it, and during the summer you can watch a webcam showing the swifts raising their chicks: Watch the swifts for adults relax and have a read There are several nature writing books which focus on swifts. Copies of some of these are available to borrow in Neath Port Talbot Libraries. Swifts and Us by Sarah Gibson The Screaming Sky by Charles Foster Swifts in a Tower by David Lack One Midsummer's Day by Mark Cocker Vesper Flights by Helen Macdonald NPT Libraries make a swift box You could have a go at making your very own swift box to put on your house. On the websites below there are details for multiple designs of swift box which you can choose from to best suit your home: Bristol Swifts Action for Swifts for kids relax and have a read There are a couple of kids books on swifts. Copies of some of these are available to borrow in Neath Port Talbot Libraries. Super Swifts by Justin Anderson Swift by Lorna Hill NPT Libraries kids swift activities Below are some of our swift activities which you can download to learn more about swifts! Swift Safari activity booklet Booklet with colouring page, facts, quiz, maze activity and wordsearch Activity Booklet English Activity Booklet Cymraeg Swift colouring page Colouring in sheet where you can also draw your own swift! Colouring Activity Make your own flapping swift! Activity where you can colour in, cut out and make your swift fly! Note: 2 split pins needed Flapping swift The Migration Game A perfect activity for school classes and community groups! Note: Cones and bean bags or similar needed Migration Game English Migration Game Welsh USEFUL LINKS There are many more useful websites full of swift resources and information. Some of these are listed below: www.swift-conservation.org www.actionforswifts.blogspot.com www.actionforswifts.com www.sheffieldswiftnetwork.org www.bristolswifts.co.uk

This site outlines how we can all take action for nature in NPT. NPT LNP members work hard to help nature recover but it doesn't have to stop there. Nature conservation begins at home and there are steps we can all take, wherever or whoever we are, to help preserve the natural heritage of NPT. How can you help? This site outlines how we can all take action for nature in NPT. NPT Local Nature Partnership members work hard to help nature recover in NPT but it doesn't have to stop there. Nature conservation begins at home and there are steps we can all take, wherever or whoever we are, to help preserve the natural heritage of NPT. In addition to the habitat actions, we have suggested actions here that we, as individuals, could take to help improve the State of Nature in NPT. Take a look at the action plans and see what you could do to help. If you'd like any further information or have any questions about any of the actions, get in touch . Join the Local Nature Partnership Anyone is welcome to join the NPT Local Nature Partnership to become part of our network working to help nature to recover in NPT. There are two options: Join NPT for Nature for community action for nature ideas, training and informal meetings where you can ask your nature questions and share your experiences. Join the full LNP to come along to our bimonthly meetings. These meetings are suitable for those who would like to contribute to the production of the Nature Recovery Action Plan. You are welcome to join both, in order to do so, simply subscribe to the relevant mailing list here . Volunteer with an LNP Partner Many of the partners of the NPT Local Nature Partnership offer volunteering opportunities. These can be varied, from peatbog surveys with the Lost Peatlands Project to balsam bashing with Afan Environment Volunteers. If you'd like to explore the volunteering activities currently available, click here. Be a voice for nature in your area If you have spotted somewhere in your local area that needs some care and attention, let someone know about it! Seen a mown area that could be managed as a meadow? Let NPT Council know by email and it could be added to the NPT Bee Friendly scheme. Let your local Councillors know that you are enjoying seeing nature in your area / would like to see more nature in your area. They are your voice in the local council and can help to improve management for nature in your area. Seen something damaging to nature in your local area? If it counts as a wildlife crime, report it to the police . If you are not sure, report it to the council . Species records for NPT are one of the most useful tools we have to assess how nature is faring in the county. Species recording is also a really enjoyable activity, getting you out exploring and observing nature when you have some free time. The best place to start is to watch this 'Introduction to Wildlife Recording ' webinar and do some species identification courses. Look out for upcoming courses on our calendar or you can do them in your own time online - one of our partners, the South East Wales Biodiversity Records Centre, has a great array of training videos to help you. Record Nature in NPT Garden for Wildlife Making space for wildlife in your garden is an amazing way of helping nature in NPT. We have some large urban areas in the county and every little helps when it comes to helping our urban wildlife. These are some of our top tips below: Manage part of your lawn as a meadow or a short-flowering lawn Install a pond Install bird and bat boxes Plant pollinator-friendly plants Avoid peat compost and chemicals Avoid planting species which are invasive in the wild Remove Invasive Non-Native species such as Himalayan Balsam and Bamboo Put in a 'Hedgehog Highway' between yours and neighbours gardens There is much more information and guidance on the Wildlife Trusts website . Alongside your garden, you can make space for nature on your house too: Install bat and/or bird boxes. Swifts are in trouble in Neath Port Talbot due to loss of nest sites, a row of swift boxes on your house could make a real difference in your local area. Aim for higher energy efficiency by installing double glazing, solar panels, air source heat pumps etc. You can even look at installing 'green infrastructure' on your home, such as rain garden planters, a green roof or a living wall. Find out more about how you could achieve this here. 'Green up' your house Inspire Children to Love Nature Getting children out into nature is great for their wellbeing and great for nature; the more people who care about it from a young age, the more people will try to protect it. We have a few different NPT-based resources that you could use to help you learn all about...: Meadows The Marsh Fritillary Butterfly Peatlands Sand Snails Pollinators You can find these on our 'Resources for Educators' page . There are a few 'quick fixes for nature' that people often want to dive into to try and help nature, without realising that some of these can be very damaging in the wrong context. Learn more about these before taking action to ensure that your hard work will have the desired effect! Honeybee hives - honeybee hives can put a huge amount of pressure on wild bees through competition for food and disease. They should only be installed for food production with associated habitat creation and never as part of a nature conservation project. Read more about this here. Tree planting - tree planting can be very beneficial in the right place, but in the wrong place it could be very damaging to nature. For example, planting on meadows could lead to the loss of the meadow. Always look to plant the right tree in the right place . 'Wildflower' mixes - if you want to create a wildflower meadow, you should be very cautious with wildflower mixes that you can pick up in supermarkets. These are often non-native mixes with little benefit to native biodiversity. Instead you should look to create a meadow through management and if seeding is required, source native, local provenance seeds. Find out more here . Be 'in the know' about nature Volunteer Opportunities in NPT Below are some of the current volunteer opportunities in NPT - if you like the sound of one, click the link to find out more. Afan Environment Volunteers Work days on 1st Wednesday of the month in the Afan Valley, including habitat management and wildlife surveys. Learn more. Bryncoch Environment Group Nature activities in the locality of Bryncoch, including toad patrols and litter picks. Learn more. Crymlyn Burrows Rare plant monitoring, beach cleans, invasive species control. Keep an eye out for upcoming events here . Learn more. Friends of Craig Gwladus Volunteer work parties and events at Craig Gwladus Country Park. Learn more. Friends of the Earth NPT A small friendly local group who campaign on issues which affect the environment in NPT Learn more. Upland Water Vole Project 2025-2028 Help to find water voles in the uplands of Glamorgan. Learn more. South Wales Miners Museum Help required to help visitors discover the nature of Afan Forest Park. Contact Jeff Lewis-Jones. Learn more. Afan Angling and Conservation Club Management of the River Afan, including works to remove barriers to fish migration. Learn more. Bryn Residents Action Group (BRAG) Work parties in and around the village of Bryn, including Bryn Tip LNR. Learn more. Coed Cadw Woodland management activities at Woodland Trust woodlands in the county. Learn more. Friends of Gnoll Country Park Volunteer work parties and events at Gnoll Country Park. Learn more. Glamorgan Bat Group Bat surveys and research, affiliated with Bat Conservation Trust. Learn more. NPT Wildlife A place to find out about wildlife and nature in Neath Port Talbot. Learn more. Ty Banc Canal Group Volunteering and events on the Neath Canal, including biodiversity sessions. Learn more. Buglife Natur am Byth Buglife Cymru is working with partners and communities across Swansea Bay to undertake timely and specific conservation interventions for 13 rare species identified as being at risk of local, and regional extinction. Learn more. Butterfly Conservation Marsh Fritillary surveys and habitat management in locality of the Dulais valley. Learn more. Coed Lleol Workshops and volunteering at sites across NPT Learn more. Friends of Jersey Park Volunteer work parties and events at Jersey Park. Learn more. Gower Ornithological Society Bird-focussed walks, talks and surveys in Swansea and NPT. Learn more. Lost Peatlands Wildlife surveys, assisting with conservation tasks and supporting at events. Learn more. Working with Nature NPT Nature activities and volunteering across NPT. Learn more.

Semi-natural grassland is one of the county’s most important biodiversity resources. Unfortunately, it is also the habitat that has suffered the greatest decreases in extent, condition and connectivity. Semi-Natural Grassland Mesotrophic grasslands, restored coal waste, amenity grassland and levels The State of Nature in Semi-Natural Grassland in Neath Port Talbot Semi-improved, mesotrophic grassland supports almost one fifth of NPT's priority species and is one of the county’s most important biodiversity resources. Unfortunately, it is also the habitat that has suffered the greatest decreases in extent, condition and connectivity. This is particularly true for species-rich hay meadows which are scarce, disconnected and often badly managed or neglected. Broken connectivity in these habitats has had a significant negative effect on the distribution of priority species such as Narrow-bordered Bee Hawk-moth and numerous priority plant species such as Meadow Thistle, Wood Bitter-vetch, Petty Whin and Dyer’s Greenweed. In view of this we have assessed the resilience and state of nature in semi-improved grasslands in NPT as poor. OVERVIEW Semi-improved grasslands in NPT provide habitats for a fifth of the county’s priority species. Most of these habitats are neutral, mesotrophic grasslands such as hay meadows, roadside verges/roundabouts, alluvial meadows, levels and restored grassland on coal spoil. If marshy grassland (which is included in the Heathland and Moorland category) is added, then the proportion of priority species is greater than one quarter, which is very significant. Traditionally managed hay meadows are rare in NPT, but the biodiverse Hafod Wennol SSSI meadows (and neighbouring areas) north of Pontardawe are exemplary with key indicator/priority species such as Large-flowered Eyebright, Greater Butterfly-orchid, and Greater Burnet. The inventory of biodiverse neutral grassland in NPT is augmented to some extent by an extensive network of roadside verges and roundabouts, some of which support diverse, colourful mesotrophic grassland communities. Good examples are found along Fabian Way (A465) near Jersey Marine, along Central Avenue near Baglan Energy Park, on the Saltings Roundabout near Neath and on Harbour Way in Port Talbot (near the steelworks) where colonies of Small Blue Butterfly can be found. Large amounts of restored grassland on coal spoil occur in the county. Good examples can be seen on Bryn Tip, the restored Selar opencast grasslands near Blaengwrach and restored grasslands in the upper Dulais Valley. Some of these sites have complex habitat mosaics and a rich diversity of grassland species, often with key indicator species such as Bee Orchid, Common Spotted-orchid, Carline Thistle, Pignut and Rough Hawkbit. The plight of species-rich grasslands in NPT is a major concern. Land use changes, development, agricultural improvement and neglect have all played a role in the disappearance of these habitats in the county over the last 70 years. Reversing this trend will require a step change in attitudes, recognition of their intrinsic value and changes in management practices. Sympathetic stewardship, habitat creation, roadside verge management and restoration can all play a part in this. Actions for the recovery of Semi-Natural Grassland habitats in NPT Responsibility for these actions lie with all of us and as such, we have not sought to assign actions to particular organisations or groups. Instead, it is our hope that this document will provide the guidance and inspiration for anybody, or any group or organisation, to undertake the actions that are within their capability to deliver. The Secretariat of NPT LNP (NPT Council) are providing a facilitation role to support, collate and monitor work towards these actions. If you would like to discuss your potential involvement in delivery of these actions, please get in touch with biodiversity@npt.gov.uk . Semi-natural grassland status in NPT Survey areas where understanding of semi-natural grassland status is poor to establish a baseline of the resilience of this habitat for these areas Semi-natural grassland conservation strategy Establish a strategy for semi-natural grassland management and restoration in NPT NPT Bee Friendly Continue to increase the area and extent of land managed as wildflower grassland, including roadside verge, on land managed by members of the partnership. Encourage similar management to take place on others' land Hay meadow management Establish meadows at large sites such as Gnoll Country Park and Margam Country Park, as well as on private land. These will have the added benefit of raising awareness of the plight of hay meadows. Conservation grazing on special sites Continue to take steps to establish or maintain conservation grazing on special sites where appropriate e.g. Bryn Tip LNR and Resolven Floodplain Meadows. Investigate funding for a shared mobile handling system and fencing technologies Town and Community Councils Engage with Town and Community Councils to knowledge share and support change of management on their land, to encourage semi-natural grassland Burial grounds for nature Engage with churches and cemeteries to change mowing regimes to increase the extent and area of wildflower and waxcap grasslands VOG, Bridgend and NPT Meadows Group Continue to support the meadows group to take action in NPT to manage semi-natural grassland habitats © Charles Hipkin GREATER BURNET Greater Burnet is a species of mesotrophic grasslands, particularly on flood plains, but it is also found in roadside verges and dune grasslands. It is quite tall and very conspicuous when it is in flower with its almost black, wind-pollinated flowerheads. It is widely distributed in the Neath and upper Tawe Valleys where it is an important indicator of semi-improved, mesotrophic grassland. Its scattered distribution in the upper Neath Valley between Resolven and Glyn Neath suggest that the bottom-lands here were predominantly alluvial grasslands before they were drained and improved for grazing. ROESEL'S BUSH CRICKET This attractive cricket is a relatively new addition to the NPT fauna. It was reported by a member of the public in 2019 from the Skewen area. A medium sized cricket they are brown to yellow with a green shade with three pale spots on the thorax and a cream-coloured margin around the sides of the pronotum. Females are identified by their large ovipositor (which looks like a sting but is totally harmless). The males have a very distinct song (striadulation) which is continuous and very high pitched. The species is currently expanding its range from south-east England north and west, possibly due to climate change as they do best in hot summers. GREATER BUTTERFLY ORCHID This large, striking orchid is a key indicator of traditionally managed, neutral, mesotrophic grassland in south Wales. It is currently known from only two grassland sites in NPT, both in the northern sector of the county. The number of individuals that appear varies greatly from year to year, which is fairly typical of hay meadow orchids. The flowers emit a heavy scent, particularly at night when they attract the attention of large moths, such as hawkmoths, which feed on the nectar contained in the flower’s deep spur. The survival of this priority species in NPT is completely dependent on the continued management of the grasslands in which it is found as hay meadows. Where to explore semi-natural grassland in NPT Publicly accessible sites where you can see semi-natural grassland habitats in NPT Semi-Natural Grassland Projects in NPT VOG, Bridgend and NPT Meadows Group A cross-boundary Meadows group providing support to those wishing to create, restore or manage meadows through networking and peer support. BUGLIFE NPT B-Lines A three year project working along B-Lines Networks in NPT to create and manage habitat for pollinators with local communities. Wildflower verge management Management of roadside verges for biodiversity taking place at various sites throughout the county. MAGNIFICENT MEADOWS PROJECT The Plantlife Magnificent Meadows project has supported the formation of community meadows across the county, for example, at Glantawe Riverside Park. Rheola floodplain meadows Management through conservation grazing and hay cuts, and monitoring of the floodplain meadows near Rheola, where Greater Burnet can be found. SHRILL CARDER BEE STRATEGY A strategy for the conservation of the endangered Shrill Carder Bee was launched in 2020, covering the Kenfig- Port Talbot population. CASE STUDY NPT Bee Friendly In recent years, the loss of wildflower grassland habitat and the pollinating insects they support has become an issue of public concern. NPT Council has a responsibility to address nature and climate emergencies such as this and is also committed to protect, conserve and enhance our natural environment under the terms of the Corporate Plan , Biodiversity Duty Plan , NPT Nature Recovery Action Plan and The Action Plan for Pollinators in Wales . A new approach to managing the verges and grasslands of NPT has been approved by the County Council’s Regeneration and Sustainable Development Cabinet Board on 30th July 2021 and is being progressively implemented by NPT Council as resources allow. The aim of this scheme is to increase the area and extent of wildflower grassland (i.e. roadside verges and larger meadow areas which are managed to encourage wildflowers and pollinating insects) in NPT County Borough. Traditionally, local authority-managed roadside verges in NPT are all cut every 2-3 weeks during the growing season i.e. late March to end September and the arisings are mulched and dropped on top of the grass. This fertilises the soil, encouraging further grass growth. As of 2021, at certain locations with the Streetcare Services Section, NPT Council will be changing this management and instead encouraging the growth of wildflowers and reducing the frequency of required cuts through the use of ‘cut and collect’ machines. Road verges such as Harbour Way, Fabian Way and Saltings Roundabout are included in this scheme, along with many new areas around the county. Read more here.

The sound of screaming swifts has long signalled the arrival of summer in the UK. Migrating to our towns and cities in May, these stunning and agile birds are an iconic summer visitor. Unfortunately, like many of our other species, our swifts are struggling. Help us to help swifts in NPT. homes for swifts Find out what you can do to reverse the decline in swift nesting sites below! Provide swifts with nesting spaces Provide swifts with nesting spaces You can help reverse the decline in nesting spaces for swifts by fitting swift boxes or swift bricks in your home. This section gives you information on how to tell if your home is suitable and the range of options out there. is my home suitable? Swifts need their boxes or bricks to be at least 5 metres high off the ground. The box needs to be placed on a north to north-easterly wall. South facing walls get too hot and west facing walls tend to be too exposed to weather. The box needs a clear flight path for swifts to swoop in and out Ideally it is good practise to tuck swift boxes under eaves, as this stops anything landing on top of them. However if the swift box has a sloped roof this isn't always necessary. Sheffield Swift Network has a really good webpage explaining everything you need to know about fitting a swift brick. swift bricks Swift bricks are the gold standard when providing breeding sites for swifts. They last the lifetime of the building, are cheap to buy and unobtrusive. Action for Swifts make swift bricks for different wall types, thicknesses and can even custom match brick colour. Action for Swifts Sheffield Swift Network If swift bricks are not an option, swift boxes are a good alternative. There are many options out there to suit different needs and budgets. Action for Swifts make a range of nest boxes including ones that can be fitted into external wall insulation. Action for Swifts Impeckable Nest Boxes make high quality fibreglass and hardwood nest boxes in lots of different configurations. Impeckable Peak Nest Boxes are 3D printed out of a blend of sawdust and cornstarch, and come with options to fit a camera onto the box. Peak Nest Boxes swift boxes swift callers When installing a swift brick or swift box, it is also a good idea to install a caller system. Swifts like to nest where there are other swifts, so a caller helps them find the boxes and move in! A swift caller is programmed to play swift calls at dawn and dusk during the months of May to August. Once swifts have moved in the calls no longer need to be played and the calling system can be moved to another location. Sheffield Swift Network has a useful page on the different callers available and how to install them. Sheffield Swift Network renovate mindfully If you have swifts in your property already and are planning to renovate, there are many ways that you can retain the nesting holes depending on where the swifts nest. Swifts are site faithful, so they return to the same nest site every year. Even if a box is placed next to where a hole used to be, swifts often try and get into where they've previously nested, and can hurt themselves in the process. It is always better to retain a nest site than retrofit a box. REMEMBER! Nesting swifts are protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act. It is illegal to disturb, obstruct, damage, destroy or prevent entry to any active swift nest. Follow these rules when doing building works: Do not work on the roof during the May-August nesting season Do not block their access with scaffolding - swifts need a clear flight path Adapt your building works to allow swifts to access their nest sites in future years, see below for guidance swift conservation renovation guides Swift Conservation has helpful guides on retaining swift nesting spaces while you're renovating: Roof Repairs and Reroofing Soffits and Eaves Thermal Wall Insulation

We need to understand how nature is coping in NPT, so that we can protect our wild places. Assessing the state of nature in NPT is the first step towards a healthy environment. It will help us plan actions to provide future generations with an inspiring place to live. The State of Nature in NPT We need to understand how nature is coping in NPT, so that we can protect our wild places. Assessing the state of nature in NPT is the first step towards a healthy environment. It helps us plan actions to provide future generations with an inspiring place to live. The State of Nature 2019 (A Summary for Wales) report revealed some sobering statistics which included evidence for a decline of 41% in the abundance of species in the last 50 years, with 17% of Wales' species currently at risk of extinction. In order to understand local trends and pressures, and to guide action to aid recovery, Neath Port Talbot Local Nature Partnership (NPT LNP) has undertaken an assessment of the State of Nature in the county, linked with a Nature Recovery Action Plan. Using the evidence available to us, we have made an assessment of the state of nature of the habitats of NPT. We have grouped these habitats into 11 broad habitat categories. Sadly, of these 11 habitat categories, only two are in good state. It will require urgent action to improve the state of nature in NPT. Discover more about each habitat by clicking the links below. Habitats in NPT have been classified into 11 broad categories and each of these has been divided further into sub-categories or specific habitats. Some of these habitats support large numbers of priority species yet their biodiversity is threatened by pressures such as development and neglect. The collective resilience of these habitats is a good indicator of the state of nature in NPT. Of the 11 broad habitat categories, nine are assessed to be in less than good state and five are assessed as poor. Woodland and Open Mosaic Habitats in the county have been assessed as good, with the caveats that there are problems with invasive non-native species in both and many biodiverse Open Mosaic Habitats are threatened with development. Resilience of each habitat is colour-coded below; Red (Poor ecosystem resilience), Amber (Fair ecosystem resilience) or Green (Good ecosystem resilience) Heathland and Moorland Read More Marshy grassland, heathland, moorland and ffridd (coed cae) Semi-natural Grassland Read More Mesotrophic grasslands, restored coal waste, amenity grassland and levels Wetland Habitats Read More Fens, bogs, springs and seepages Coastal Habitats Read More Sand dunes, saltmarsh, estuary, intertidal sand and mud, man-made structures Marine Habitats Read More Inshore/ subtidal marine habitats Freshwater Read More Lakes, reservoirs and ponds, rivers and streams, canals Inland Rock and Cliff Read More Exposed crags, scree Urban Read More Gardens, hard engineering, parks, green infrastructure Enclosed Farmland Read More Arable land, improved grassland, drystone walls and boundaries Woodland Read More Oak woodland, wet alder/ willow woodland, riparian corridor woodland, plantation, scrub, hedgerow Open Mosaic Habitats Read More On previously developed land, on spoil, on industrial land Habitat Map This habitat map of NPT shows the distribution of different habitat types across the county. It is a Phase 1 map , constructed from 2021 aerial imagery. Priority Species We have put together a list of 237 priority species from a comprehensive dataset of field records provided by members of the NPT LNP over the last 20 years. In our database, we link each species in the list only with the habitat(s) in which it occurs in NPT. For example, as far as we can tell from our records, the Marsh Fritillary butterfly only breeds in marshy grasslands in NPT and can only be cross-referenced to this habitat in our database, even though it may breed in other habitats (e.g. sand dunes) elsewhere. This allows us to make an evidence-based assessment of priority species diversity for each habitat in NPT. Invertebrates (e.g. butterflies and moths) make up the largest proportion of our priority species. A full list of NPT’s priority species is given in Appendix 2 (Appendices). Numbers of priority species found in the various broad habitat types. The importance of woodlands, coastal habitats, grasslands, and open mosaic habitats for priority species in NPT is clear. Reviewing the State of Nature of NPT The State of Nature in NPT will be reviewed again in 2028. The actions and the priority species list will be reviewed each year in the first meeting of the New Year of the NPT Local Nature Partnership. If you would like to help deliver a particular action in the plan, recommend a new action, suggest a review or take part in the review process, please get in touch.

Do you, your group or organisation have an idea that could positively impact nature and the local community in your area? If the answer is yes, we’d love to hear from you! We have grant funding available for projects that contribute to long-term nature recovery in Neath Port Talbot. This has been funded by the Welsh Government Local Places for Nature Fund. Continue reading below to find out more. NPT LNP Grant Fund 2026/2027 Do you, your group or organisation have an idea that could positively impact nature and the local community in your area? If the answer is yes, we’d love to hear from you! We have grant funding available for projects that contribute to long-term nature recovery in Neath Port Talbot. This has been funded by the Welsh Government Local Places for Nature Fund. This fund will be reopening in Spring 2026 ready for the new financial year starting 1st April 2026. Continue reading below to find out more. Key Grant Criteria: The grant scheme funds capital costs only – this means no revenue costs can be included such as staff/volunteer time and venue hire Applications can be for up to £10,000 The project location must be accessible to members of the public in order to receive grant funding. This can be for part of the year, or all year round, including only open for events Applicants should indicate how their project will deliver lasting benefits for biodiversity and how it improves local’s access to nature, especially if ongoing management will be required after grant funding is spent Recipients must agree to maintain the project outcomes for a minimum period of 5 years at their own cost, as a criteria of funding from the Welsh Government Items that do not qualify for funding include: Non-native planting Signage Landscaping, including gravel Patio slabs Fencing Benches and seating Revenue costs including staff/volunteer time and venue hire If you have any questions or would like to submit an Expression of Interest, please email us.

Heathland and Moorland provides habitats for almost 1/5 of NPT's Priority Species, but only a small proportion of it is in good condition. Large amounts of habitat have been lost due to land use changes and neglect and, apart from the northern sector of the county, overall connectivity is poor. Heathland and Moorland Marshy grassland, heathland, moorland and ffridd (coed cae) The State of Nature in Heathland and Moorland in Neath Port Talbot Heathland and Moorland provides habitats for almost one fifth of NPT's Priority Species, but only a small proportion of it is in good condition. Large amounts of habitat have been lost due to land use changes and neglect and, apart from the northern sector of the county, overall connectivity is poor. Marshy grassland and rhos pasture in particular have suffered badly and many species that were once widespread are now very scarce. In some places invasive non-native species are a significant problem. There is insufficient data available at this time to assess the health of our surviving ffridd habitats, but much has been lost to forestry plantation. In view of these issues the resilience and state of nature of heathland and moorland in NPT has been assessed as poor. OVERVIEW This broad habitat category consists of marshy grassland, acid grassland/ heathland and moorland and ffridd (coed cae). The upland landscape of NPT has changed significantly over the last 70 years. Much of the moorland and heath that was once extensive there has been planted with conifers and other parts have been converted to improved grazing land. However, some significant areas of moorland remain, particularly in the northern sector of the county, e.g. Gwrhyd, Sarn Helen. These habitats are often dominated by Purple Moor-grass, Sheep’s Fescue and other calcifuge grasses/ sedges with areas of dwarf shrub heath containing Heather and Bilberry. Petty Whin and Dyer’s Greenweed still survive in a few places and wetter areas often contain colourful swards of Bog Asphodel. Marshy grassland (including rhos pasture) is an important specific habitat in this category which can support unique and diverse communities of plants with Devil’s-bit Scabious, Saw-wort, Meadow Thistle, Heath Spotted-orchid, Whorled Caraway, Ivy-leaved Bellflower and Bog Pimpernel. A few marshy grasslands in the northern sector have Marsh Fritillary meta-populations. Where there is base-rich flushing, these habitats may also contain Butterwort, Marsh Valerian and Fen Bedstraw, which are all scarce species in NPT. Ffridd habitats have largely been planted with conifer plantations. They are important for bird species such as Cuckoo where they exist and invertebrates such as Dark Green Fritillary. Heathland and moorland fauna of conservation importance in NPT include Brown Hare, Skylark, Linnet, Cuckoo, Adder, Grass Snake, Hornet Robber-fly and a number of bees such as the Moss Carder Bee. The resilience of heathland and moorland in NPT is under pressure from lack of appropriate management, broken connectivity and invasive non-native species, e.g. Rhododendron, Sitka Spruce. Actions for the recovery of Heathland and Moorland habitats in NPT Responsibility for these actions lie with all of us and as such, we have not sought to assign actions to particular organisations or groups. Instead, it is our hope that this document will provide the guidance and inspiration for anybody, or any group or organisation, to undertake the actions that are within their capability to deliver. The Secretariat of NPT LNP (NPT Council) are providing a facilitation role to support, collate and monitor work towards these actions. If you would like to discuss your potential involvement in delivery of these actions, please get in touch with biodiversity@npt.gov.uk . Management for Marsh Fritillary Maintain and enhance current management and monitoring of sites in the Dulais Valley and extend into additional sites where possible to continue to support the Marsh Fritillary meta-population Inventory of marshy grasslands Undertake an inventory of grasslands and assess their condition where possible. Identify opportunities for restoring sites Respect for Reptiles Raise awareness to prevent persecution of adders in areas where human/ adder interaction is more likely. Adder Recording Increase adder recording in the north of the county where understanding of populations and their distributions is low Prevent damage from tree planting Prevent tree planting on heathland and moorland habitats in NPT and raise awareness of the value of these habitats Restore heathland and moorland habitats Where possible, habitat creation and restoration should be considered. For example, clear-felled conifer coupes should be assessed for their potential in marshy grassland (or peatbog) restoration. Removal of invasive non-native species (e.g. Rhododendron, Sitka Spruce) from some sites is a matter of urgency Heathland and Moorland Highways Maintain the strips of heathland and moorland habitat which can be found in the coniferised uplands along forest road verges and banks. These remnant habitats need to be maintained with the appropriate management to maintain the species which can be found here e.g. clubmosses. Rare and important plant species Promote the recovery of key axiophytes including Globe Flower, Meadow Thistle and Dyer’s Greenweed. Re-introductions may be necessary if appropriate. Promote Connectivity of Marshy Grassland Work with partners to promote better connectivity between marshy grassland, to benefit species such as the Marsh Fritillary butterfly Ffridd / Coedcae Increase our understanding of the extent and condition of ffridd habitats in Neath Port Talbot. Work with partners to retore and protect it. MARSH FRITILLARY The Marsh Fritillary butterfly has undergone a significant decline in numbers in Wales and this picture is reflected in the dramatic loss of populations from NPT over the last 50 years. Its favoured habitat in the county is marshy grassland or rhos pasture with Devil's-bit Scabious, which the caterpillars feed on, and plants that provide nectar for flying adults, e.g. Meadow Thistle. Loss of appropriate habitat followed by broken meta-population connectivity have probably played a major role in the decline. IVY LEAVED BELLFLOWER Due to the large losses of its native habitats which have occurred in the last 100 years, Ivy-Leaved Bellflower is an endangered species of some concern. In NPT, it is found in a few unimproved marshy grassland and heathland habitats but also in humid banks above streams and ditches in conifer plantations where it is protected from intense grazing. The plight and conservation of this charming species has been ignored in Wales while it has continued to shrink in its abundance due to habitat loss. Populations in NPT require careful consideration and management. ADDER The Adder is the only venomous snake in the UK but is not an aggressive species. Adders are mostly found in areas of rough countryside with edge habitats. They are variable in colour but always have a distinctive dark zig-zag down the spine. The best way to find them is to move slowly along the edge of a path through bracken but even then you will need to be very quiet and have a keen eye to spot them. Adders unfortunately still suffer from some persecution in NPT. Where to explore heathland and moorland in NPT Publicly accessible sites where you can see heathland and moorland habitats in NPT Heathland and Moorland Projects in NPT HABITAT MANAGEMENT FOR MARSH FRITILLARY Habitat management projects such as the large-scale conservation grazing programme taking place in the Dulais Valley are helping to restore marshy grasslands suitable for supporting Marsh Fritillary meta-populations. WIND FARM HABITAT MANAGEMENT PLANS Habitat management plans covering these habitats are in place as part of mitigation for the Llynfi Afan and Pen y Cymoedd Windfarms. gwrhyd MEADOWS Habitat management agreement is in place for management of acid grasslands and marshy grasslands at Gwrhyd Meadows SSSI. Notable plant species recorded here include Ivy-leaved Bellflower. payment for results on common land This Project is investigating a potential payment system which aims to encourage positive action to conserve and enhance habitat on common land. CILYBEBYLL SSSI Discussions taking place to determine habitat management plan for Cilybebyll SSSI. Cilybebyll is of special interest for its species-rich grasslands and wet pastures, which are host to several uncommon plant species. CASE STUDY Monitoring and conservation management of Marsh Fritillary in NPT Historical records indicate that the Marsh Fritillary was widespread in NPT 50 years ago, with colonies scattered in both the northern and southern sectors of the county. At that time, species-rich marshy grasslands with Devil's-bit Scabious, Meadow Thistle, Heath Spotted-orchid and other significant species were more common in our landscape than today. The Marsh Fritillary has a limited dispersal ability and requires a network of connected habitats and colonies that allow some interchange between otherwise discrete colonies. At any one time within this meta-population network some habitats may not be occupied, but their presence and potential for colonisation is nevertheless a major factor in Marsh Fritillary meta-population dynamics. The significant losses of marshy grassland habitat that have occurred in Neath Port Talbot in the last 50 years have not only removed breeding grounds for this colourful butterfly but have also broken the habitat connectivity that is crucial for dispersal and meta-population maintenance. The availability of suitable marshy grasslands in an appropriately connected landscape is key to the success and conservation of the Marsh Fritillary in NPT. Under the leadership of Butterfly Conservation and a dedicated group of organised volunteers, a large amount of effort has been put into finding, surveying and monitoring Marsh Fritillary sites in NPT and neighbouring areas of Carmarthenshire. It has become clear that the Marsh Fritillary is largely, if not entirely, confined to the Dulais and Amman Valleys, in the northern sector of the county. Each year known and potential breeding sites in these areas are monitored for the presence of larval webs and their condition is assessed. Butterfly Conservation have also worked in partnership with Natural Resources Wales to reclaim and manage marshy grassland suitable for Marsh Fritillary in the Dulais Valley, on NRW owned land previously planted with Sitka Spruce or intensively grazed. An important part of the conservation management strategy throughout has been the organisation of sympathetic grazing regimes to keep habitats in a condition favourable for Marsh Fritillary. At present we have 7 occupied Marsh Fritillary sites in NPT as well as a number of suitable sites that have not been colonised. There are strong populations in the Dulais Valley in the vicinity of Blaendulais but the largest populations are found in the Amman Valley and particularly near Tairgwaith and Cwmgors. Connectivity analysis reveals that these habitats are parts of larger, complex meta-population networks that reside mainly in Dyfed and Powys.

Contact the Neath Port Talbot Local Nature Partnership about all things nature in the county. Contact NPT LNP

Data may be collected through this website to enable us to get in touch with you or return your message. As Secretariat of NPT LNP, Neath Port Talbot Council Countryside and Wildlife Team are the Data Controllers for this website. NPT LNP Terms of Reference Definition: For the purposes of the Neath Port Talbot Local Nature Partnership, ‘nature’ shall mean all living organisms and the ecological complexes (including non-living elements and processes) of which they are part. It includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems; the resilience of ecosystems; the services they provide to society and the way in which humans interact with nature. 1.0 Purpose The Neath Port Talbot Local Nature Partnership will: Co-ordinate, promote and record existing and new actions to conserve, promote and enhance nature in Neath Port Talbot, taking account of local and national priorities and keeping the terms of reference set out below. The Partnership will seek to achieve its aims by: 1.1Promoting partnership working between key organisations and individuals that protect and enhance nature in Neath Port Talbot. This will include networking and sharing best practice to promote efficient delivery of actions across partner organisations. 1.2To gather information relevant to the conservation of species and habitats in the Neath Port Talbot area, to formulate plans (“the Local Nature Recovery Action Plan”) from the national and local priorities identified in the Nature Recovery Plan, State of Natural Resources Report and Area Statements to effect conservation, and to deliver actions identified in the LNRAP. 1.3Involving key partners and stakeholders in the development and implementation of Local Nature Recovery Plans for the Partnership through the establishment of working groups and consultation with other existing groups. 1.4To make recommendations for the review of local practices for forestry, agriculture, mineral extraction, industry, business, tourism, parks and other local Council land, etc. in order to look for opportunities to enhance the potential for wildlife. 1.5Supporting the development of projects undertaken by individual organisations that are contributing to the aims of the Partnership and developing new projects to address local priorities. 1.6Monitoring the delivery of nature recovery actions, evaluating progress towards implementation of local plans and revising them as necessary. 1.7Identifying opportunities for integrating the conservation, promotion and enhancement of nature into other policy areas, plans and projects throughout Neath Port Talbot 1.8To link in with regional and national plans, policy and action, as appropriate e.g. Well-Being Plans and Area Statements). 1.9To provide an advisory function on the subject of the state of nature and nature recovery in Neath Port Talbot and, wherever possible, take an evidence-based approach to facilitate this i.e. through presence on strategic steering groups and advice to community councils etc. 2.0 Status The Partnership is a collaborative forum and has no standing as a legal entity. The Partnership will have no authority over any of the functions, duties or responsibilities of the member organisations. Each partner is jointly and equally empowered to establish and implement actions to deliver the aims of these plans in partnership with the others. The Partners will exercise their functions so as to secure compliance with the requirements of all relevant legislation and policy e.g. UN Convention on Biological Diversity (1992), Wildlife and Countryside Act (1981) as amended, Wellbeing of Future Generations (Wales) Act (2015), Environment (Wales) Act (2016), Nature Recovery Action Plan (Wales) and Action Plan for Pollinators (Wales). 3.0 Membership The membership of the Partnership will comprise committed volunteers, local nature experts, voluntary and public bodies, agencies and owners of locally significant natural habitats in Neath Port Talbot. Members of the Forum are entitled to become members of the charity Neath Port Talbot Biodiversity Action. 4.0 Administration, Finance and Employment One of the Partners will act as host organisation [this is currently Neath Port Talbot Council] and will take responsibility for employment of any staff and administration of any assets or core funds on behalf of the Partnership. The host organisation will maintain a mailing list with which to inform LNP members of news and events concerning biodiversity in Neath Port Talbot. We will not circulate private sector jobs due to the potential for conflicts of interest with members of the LNP. Privacy Policy. Where individual partners take the lead on a project they will resource the project with the appropriate staff, equipment, finance etc. and may administer project – specific funds under the banner of the Partnership if necessary. They will ensure completion of the project and its timely reporting. Routine matters such as sign off of new or revised plans, funding matters and direction of the work of any person employed will be delegated to a Steering Group drawn from the key organisational members to include representatives from Neath Port Talbot Council, Natural Resources Wales, SEWBReC, one non-governmental organisation and one community group/ unaffiliated member, plus the chair of the LNP. A Chairperson and Vice-Chair for the LNP will be elected by members annually. If the Partnership terminates and there are funds or assets in the name of the Partnership these will be transferred to a member organisation continuing the project or return to the original funders. 5.0 Decision Making and Partner Responsibilities Roles and Responsibilities of All Partners: The Partners agree to work together to deliver effective action to conserve and enhance nature in Neath Port Talbot, making best use of available resources through collaborative action. To further the aims of the Partnership as a whole, and not just the aims of individual partner organisations. To assist the Partnership Steering Group in determining annual priorities for the Partnership work programme. To promote, implement and report on actions contributing to the aims of local plans. Identify projects which member organisations can undertake or contribute to in order to meet the aims of local plans and disseminate this information within the member organisation. To identify resources (financial or in-kind) which member organisations can contribute to assist in delivering core administration of the Partnership or specific nature recovery projects. To report on progress through the Partnership’s officer. Frequency of Meetings and Quorum The Steering Group will communicate as necessary in person or via email. There should be a minimum of 3 members of the steering group present in order to be quorate. Decisions will be made by consensus where possible, or by simple majority. The Chair will hold a casting vote in the event of a tied decision. There will be an opportunity for the full Partnership to meet at least six times a year. Additional meetings may be held as resources permit at the discretion of the Steering Group. Recommendations at full Partnership meetings should be made by consensus where possible, or by simple majority. The Partnership’s Officer should endeavour to draw relevant agenda items to the attention of relevant members to ensure adequate opportunity for expert representation at meetings on specific topics. The Chair will hold a casting vote in the event of a tied decision. Working groups will meet as necessary under the direction of the Steering Group and will comprise sufficient members to ensure delivery of the group’s aims with the best knowledge and expertise available locally. The Partnership Officer can invite other organisations or individuals to attend meetings in an advisory capacity as appropriate. Any potential conflict of interest a member has in an agenda item must be declared at the beginning of the meeting. They may be asked to leave the meeting whilst this item is being discussed. 6.0 Equal Opportunities and Data Protection All individuals / groups / businesses working with the Neath Port Talbot Local Nature Partnership will be assessed on their involvement with nature recovery actions alone, without distinction of gender, sexual orientation, race or of political, religious or other opinions. The Partnership will recognise and respond to issues of language, disability, race, gender, age and culture. If sensitive information is discussed at meetings (for example regarding protected species) it will only be passed to members on a need to know basis and regarded as strictly confidential. Notwithstanding 6.1 & 6.2 (above) the Partnership Officer must comply with the relevant policies of the host organisation. [i] Neath Port Talbot Council is currently the host organisation.

Invasive non-native species (INNS) are regarded as a significant threat to biodiversity. There are a group of 14 invasive neophyte species and groups that we believe are of particular concern in NPT. Invasive Non-Native Species in NPT Invasive non-native species (INNS) are regarded as a significant threat to biodiversity. In the UK, all INNS are neophytes, i.e. non-native species that have been introduced into the British flora since 1600AD. Currently, the number of naturalised neophytes in Britain outnumbers the number of native species, but most neophytes have little impact on biodiversity and many may actually add something to it on a local scale. However, there are a group of 14 invasive neophyte species and groups that we believe are of particular concern in NPT. Of these, Himalayan Balsam (or Indian Balsam), Japanese Knotweed and Rhododendron are notorious, but each species in this list has a significant impact on one or more of our principal habitats (see Table 2). Other potentially invasive species in the county such as Lupin, Chinese Bramble, American Skunk Cabbage and Henry’s Honeysuckle could pose a threat in the future. Several other neophyte species which are abundant and aggressive competitors, particularly in early successional or ruderal environments, include some Stonecrop species, Bilbao Fleabane and Hoary Mustard, but none of these have significant effects on local biodiversity. Similarly, there are a number of garden throw-out species which are widespread and persistent in the county, notably Dotted Loosestrife and Montbretia, which we believe are not having significant effects on biodiversity at present. Interesting problems are posed by some garden plants that have become established and/or naturalised in some habitats where they might cross fertilise and hybridise with native species. Two significant examples are given by Spanish (and Hybrid) Bluebell and the silver-blotched leaf form of Garden Yellow Archangel. The extent to which Spanish/Hybrid Bluebell has hybridised with native Bluebells and the effect that this may have on the genetic purity of local native Bluebell populations is largely unknown. At the moment there is little evidence that there is cause for concern but it seems prudent to eradicate naturalised Spanish/Hybrid Bluebells from areas where they could hybridise with native Bluebells e.g. in ancient woodland and hedgerow. Similarly, it would be wise to control naturalised populations of Garden Yellow Archangel, which is much more vigorous and competitive than our native Yellow Archangel. With regards to invasive non-native fauna in NPT, we have records for a number of species, including: American Mink Grey Squirrel Red-eared Terrapin Egyptian Goose Of these, perhaps the most common is the Grey Squirrel, which is ubiquitous across NPT and commonly seen across our parks, gardens and woodlands. The Grey Squirrel is a North American species, which is highly competitive with the native Red Squirrel, as well as transmitting a disease (Parapoxvirus) which has decimated the Red Squirrel populations in Wales. Red Squirrels were once found across the whole of NPT but by 1999 they had disappeared from the county and from much of Wales as a whole. This decline in the Red Squirrel has been attributed to the Grey Squirrel, though habitat loss, road traffic and other predators are also likely to have had an impact. Likewise, a similar correlation can be seen between the decline of the Water Vole and the spread of the American Mink, which has been blamed for the decline of Water Vole in other areas across the UK. We do not have substantial evidence of other non-native fauna causing significant problems in NPT, though this is not to say it is not occurring. Brief descriptions of the INNS of most concern in NPT and a summary of their main impacts is given below. A wider list of INNS problematic across the whole of Wales has been collated and details of this list can be found on the Wales Biodiversity Partnership website. The Distribution of INNS (of particular concern) in NPT habitats The table below shows the occurrence of 18 INNS in the NPT’s major terrestrial and freshwater habitat categories. Note that waterweeds are listed as separate species except for Nuttall’s and Canadian Pondweed which are included together. A number of significant issues are clear from this analysis: (i)All the major terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems in NPT have INNS in them. (ii)Cotoneaster, Himalayan Balsam and Japanese Knotweed are represented in more than half of these habitats while Buddleia and Rhododendron are also widely distributed. (iii)Urban habitats contain the most INNS and are likely to be the source of INNS in other habitats. For example a number of Cotoneaster species have spread from amenity planting on industrial estates, parks and gardens. Rhododendron has also spread uncontrollably in areas like Margam Park. (iv)Of the remaining habitats, coastal ecosystems supports the most INNS, e.g. Crymlyn Burrows. Species Woodland Heathland and Moorland Semi-Natural Grassland Open Mosaic Enclosed Farmland Urban Freshwater Wetland Inland Rock and Cliff Coastal Sitka Spruce x x Sea Buckthorn x x Rhododendron x x x x x Parrot's Feathers x x Nuttal's/ Canadian Pondweed x x New Zealand Pigmyweed x x Michaelmas Daisy x x Japanese Rose x x x Japanese Knotweed x x x x x Holm Oak x x Himalayan Honeysuckle x x x Himalayan Balsam x x x x x x